Forgot your password?
South Sudan's Flag Raised At Independence Ceremony
BBC NEWS, AFRICA
July 9, 2011 tens of thousands of South Sudanese have watched the raising of the country's new flag at an independence ceremony in the capital, Juba. Sudan's President Omar al-Bashir and UN chief Ban Ki-moon are among dignitaries who came for the event. South Sudan became the world's newest nation at midnight, the climax of a process made possible by the 2005 peace deal that ended a long civil war.
Sudan earlier became the first state to officially recognize its new neighbor. The south's independence follows decades of conflict with the north in which some 1.5 million people died.
Excitement and relief
Celebrations in Juba began at midnight (2100 GMT). A countdown clock in the city centre reached zero and the new national anthem was played on television. South Sudan became the 193rd country recognized by the UN and the 54th UN member state in Africa.
The BBC's Will Ross in Juba says the new country's problems were put aside for the night amid an air of great jubilation. People were in the streets cheering, waving South Sudan flags, banging drums and chanting the name of President Salva Kiir Mayardit, he adds.
On Saturday, a formal independence ceremony was held at the mausoleum of the late rebel leader John Garang, who died just months after signing the peace deal that ended Africa's longest-running conflict. Our correspondent says South Sudanese have flocked to the event on a baking hot day - some of them are even climbing trees to get a view of what is going on.
There is celebratory mood and there is a heartfelt display of excitement mixed with relief that after so many years of feeling oppressed the tie with the north has finally been cut, he says.
The Speaker of the South Sudan Legislative Assembly, James Wani Igga, read out the Proclamation of the Independence of South Sudan. Afterwards, crowds cheered as Sudan's national flag was lowered and the new flag of South Sudan was raised.
'Southern brothers'
Earlier, Mr Bashir arrived at Juba airport where he was greeted by Mr Kiir. Other attendees include former US Secretary of State Colin Powell, the US permanent representative to the UN, Susan Rice, and the head of the US military's Africa Command, Gen Carter Ham.
Under the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, a referendum was held on independence, which was approved by more than 99% of voters. The new country is rich in oil, but one of the least developed countries in the world, where one in seven children dies before the age of five.
Unresolved disputes between the north and south, particularly over the new border, have also raised the possibility of renewed conflict. President Bashir, who agreed the 2005 peace deal with the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA), stressed his country's "readiness to work with our southern brothers and help them set up their state so that, God willing, this state will be stable and develop". "The co-operation between us will be excellent, particularly when it comes to marking and preserving the border so there is a movement of citizens and goods via this border," he told journalists in Khartoum.
Fears of fresh conflict resurfaced after recent fighting in two border areas, Abyei and South Kordofan, which forced some 170,000 people from their homes. But separate deals - and the withdrawal of rival forces from the border - have calmed tensions.
The UN Security Council has passed a resolution approving a new 7,000-strong peacekeeping force for South Sudan - but this is basically a rebranding of the force which was already in Sudan, mostly in the south. Khartoum has said its mandate would not be renewed, leading the US to argue that the 1,000 UN troops should be allowed to remain in South Kordofan. The 1,000 troops in the disputed town of Abyei are to be replaced by 4,200 Ethiopian soldiers.
Our correspondent says keeping both the north and the south stable long after the celebratory parties have ended will be a mighty challenge. The two sides must still decide on issues such as drawing up the new border and how to divide Sudan's debts and oil wealth.
Analysts say the priority for Khartoum will be to negotiate a favorable deal on oil revenue, as most oilfields lie in the south. At present, the revenues are being shared equally. Khartoum has some leverage, as most of the oil pipelines flow north to Port Sudan on the Red Sea.
Citizenship is also a key issue, which has not yet been decided. A new law passed by the National Assembly in Khartoum has withdrawn Sudanese citizenship from all southerners. The UN refugee agency (UNCHR), has urged both governments to prevent statelessness.
Sudan: A country divided
The great divide across Sudan is visible even from space, as this Nasa satellite image shows. The northern states are a blanket of desert, broken only by the fertile Nile corridor. South Sudan is covered by green swathes of grassland, swamps and tropical forest.
Sudan's arid north is mainly home to Arabic-speaking Muslims. But in South Sudan there is no dominant culture. The Dinkas and the Nuers are the largest of more than 200 ethnic groups, each with its own language and traditional belief, alongside Christianity and Islam.
The health inequalities in Sudan are illustrated by infant mortality rates. In South Sudan, one in 10 children die before their first birthday. Whereas in the more developed northern states, such as Gezira and White Nile, half of those children would be expected to survive.
The gulf in water resources between north and south is stark. In Khartoum, River Nile, and Gezira states, two-thirds of people have access to piped drinking water and pit latrines. In the south, boreholes and unprotected wells are the main drinking sources. More than 80% of southerners have no toilet facilities whatsoever.
Throughout Sudan, access to primary school education is strongly linked to household earnings. In the poorest parts of the south, less than 1% of children finish primary school. Whereas in the wealthier north, up to 50% of children complete primary level education.
Conflict and poverty are the main causes of food insecurity in Sudan. The residents of war-affected Darfur and South Sudan are still greatly dependent on food aid. Far more than in northern states, which tend to be wealthier, more urbanized and less reliant on agriculture.
Sudan exports billions of dollars of oil per year. Southern states produce more than 80% of it, but receive only 50% of the revenue. The pipelines run north but the two sides have still not agreed how to share the oil wealth in the future.
